This document discusses various military and security developments in China, Russia, Iran, and global operational environments. China’s PLA is improving combined arms operations with new integrated command platforms, and investing in infrastructure, particularly in Kenya, which is causing economic disparities. Russia is developing new long-range air-to-surface missiles and Arctic air defense systems while training journalists for conflict scenarios. Iran is testing new cruise missiles and its leadership emphasizes martyrdom. In terms of terrorism and transnational crime, several African nations face escalating threats from groups like Al-Qaeda, while global issues such as the use of Turkish drones in Ukraine and rising tensions in the South Caucasus region are prominent.